Judoka: Judo contestant

Shinpan: Referee

Judogi: Judo suit

Obi: Belt

Kyu: Grade, degree

Dojo: Practice hall

Tatami: Judo mat

Shiai: Contest

Hajime: Start, begin

Matte: Wait

Sono mama: Don’t move

Yoshi: Carry on

Osaekomi: Hold-down

Toketa: Broken hold-down

Sore-made: This is the end

Ippon: 10 points- a full score

Waza-ari: 7 points

Yuko: 5 points

Koka: 3 points

Maitta: I surrender

Shido (Koka): Note (penalty)

Hansoku-make (Ippon): Disqualification

Rei: Bow

Waza: Move technique

Tokui-waza: Athlete’s favourite technique

NAGE-WAZA: Throwing techniques

Tachi-waza: Standing techniques

Te-waza: Hand techniques

Koshi-waza: Hip techniques

Ashi-waza: Foot and leg techniques

Sutemi-waza: Sacrifice techniques

Ma sutemi-waza: Supine sacrifices

Yoko sutemi-waza: Side sacrifices

KATAME-WAZA: Grappling techniques

Ne-waza: Ground work/techniques

Osae-komi-waza: Hold-down techniques

Shime-waza: Strangulation techniques

Kansetsu-waza: Joint techniques